Why the season is only four months
It is not the temperature. It is the Gulf of Alaska.
Storms, daylight and departing animals — in that order. Not temperature.
People assume the boats stop because it gets cold. It does get cold, but Resurrection Bay is ice-free all year and the harbour never closes. The reason the day boats stop is weather.
From late September the North Pacific storm track moves south and the Gulf of Alaska becomes one of the roughest pieces of water in the northern hemisphere. A six-hour cruise requires an hour of open-water running each way, and that stops being reasonable long before it becomes impossible.
Daylight matters too. An eight-hour sailing needs a genuinely long day at each end for boarding and the run home, and by the end of September Seward has lost five hours of daylight from its June peak.
And the animals leave. Humpbacks move south, puffins go back out to sea, and the seabird cliffs empty. By October the coastline is doing the same thing it does every winter, which is nothing anyone can sell a ticket to.